It is extremely unlikely that you will ever come across the same village twice.
Quote from "Raids" page on the wiki:
Matchmaking matches you with another player based on your Trophies.
This means when you first attacked this player, you both would have had the correct amount of trophies for the matchmaking algorithm, and therefore you were given his base to attack!
The chances of both you and the other player to have the correct amount of trophies, as well as being randomly picked from millions of players, are minuscule.